How to distinguish between a head (end cap) and a pipe cap?

Due to their unique advantages, end caps are widely used in energy, power, chemical, metallurgical, machinery, nuclear energy, aviation, and aerospace industries. End caps are a type of boiler component in pressure vessels and are indispensable components in pressure vessel equipment across many industries, from petrochemicals and nuclear energy to food and pharmaceuticals. The end caps are formed by locally heating the pipe using medium-frequency induction heating while simultaneously applying mechanical force to bend the pipe.

The main differences between pipe caps and end caps lie in their inner diameter size and applicable scope.

The end caps all have an internal diameter, and the straight section is relatively long.

Pipe caps are simply end closures for pipes. Pipe caps and end caps have similar shapes, but pipe caps are smaller and can be forged; end caps are larger and are generally made by pressing steel plates. Pipe caps are typically used at the ends of pipes, while end caps are used at the top, bottom, or ends of vessels and equipment.